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Vliv managementu a technologie odchovu telat na výskyt parazitárních onemocnění
PAŘÍZKOVÁ, Petra
Faecal samples were collected from two dairy farms. The influence of management and technology on the incidence of Cryptosporidium and Eimeria infections was investigated. A total of 20 calves from each farm were observed from birth to 16 weeks of age, and faecal samples from each animal were examined weekly. A total of 680 faecal samples were collected and examined. Parasite detection was performed by a combination of standard parasitological microscopic and molecular methods. Infections with C. parvum subtypes IIaA13G1R1 and IIaA17G1R1, C. ryanae subtype XXIc, E. zuernii, E. cylindrica, E. ellipsoidalis, E. bovis, E. auburnensis, and E. subsferica were detected. The cumulative prevalence of C. parvum on the sampled farms was 85 %, and the prevalence of infection was detected at one to four weeks of age. The cumulative prevalence of Eimeria spp. reached 100 % in calves from both monitored farms at 16 weeks of age. Feeding high-quality colostrum with a higher immunoglobulin content reduced the intensity of infections caused by C. parvum. The risk of Eimeria infection increased with the length of time calves remained in the farrowing room when the newborn animals were in contact with older calves. Inadequate technique for raising calves together after weaning resulted in an increased incidence of diarrheal disease.
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Functional and pathological changes in the stomach of hosts infected with gastric cryptosporidia
MARKOVÁ, Marie
The aim of this study was to observe and record the effect of infection with gastric species of the genus Cryptosporidium on the gastric characteristics of their hosts. The species Cryptosporidium proliferans was used for a series of experimental infections, and three types of model hosts - BALB/c mice, C57Bl6 mice and multimammate mice (Mastomys coucha) - were used as experimental animals. Oocysts were detected in the faeces of infected animals by standard parasitological, specific staining and molecular methods and the course of infection and pathogenicity of the Cryptosporidium species were described. Groups of animals comprising of 1-3 animals were humanely euthanized at seven-day intervals up to 70 days after infection. C. proliferans was found to have a direct effect on pH change in selected host types, with an increase in pH at the peak of infection and, depending on the host type, either an increase until the end of the experiment or, in the case of self-healing, a gradual return to physiological values. Pathological changes of the gastric mucosa during the course of the infection were recorded by histological methods, which were its thickening and increased mucus production, as well as the presence of inflammatory infiltrates and the intensity of the infection, to varying degrees across the selected hosts and the course of the infection. We found that even with short-term infection in BALB/c and C57Bl6 mice, there is both mucosal enlargement and thickening, although the pathological changes in these types of mice are not as extensive as in multimammate mice, which do not self-heal.
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Vývoj protilátkové imunitní odpovědi proti kryptosporidiovým infekcím
FENCLOVÁ, Jana
This bachelor thesis is focused on the development of humoral immune response against cryptosporidial infections in BALB/c mice. Mice were infected with various Cryptosporidium spp., namely C. parvum, C. proliferans, C. baileyi and C. andersoni. Cryptosporidium-specific IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA. In this work, cross-reactivity of antibodies with different Cryptosporidium species was also monitored.
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Postnatální změny vybraných krevních parametrů
TRUHLÁŘOVÁ, Nela
The aim of the bachelor thesis was to evaluate changes in hematological parameters in the postnatal period of calves. The literature review describes blood composition, physical properties of blood, hematological parameters and cryptosporidia, which are occurs commonly found in calves. We included 18 calves of holstein cattle and czech calves in the experiments red-spotted cattle, which we divided into two groups according to age. Observation started at 20 days of calf age and ended at 300 days of calf age. The results show that that hematological parameters change in postnatal calves. Concentration erythrocytes increased from birth to 140 days of age, but then with increasing age of calves there was a gradual decrease in the concentration of erythrocytes (from 10,35 × 1012/L at 7,45 × 1012/L).The hematocrit value (from 0,34 l/l to 0,27 l/l), hemoglobin concentration (from 133 ? g/l to 106 ? g/l) and mean erythrocyte volume had similar dynamics, (from 35,57 ? 1,44 fl to 33,12 fl). The leukocyte count in group 2 was in the refer-ence range for adult cattle (8,68 ? to 12,96 ? G/l), but in group 1 (c. parvum, c. bo-vis) they exceeded the reference range, especially in the period between 160.-180. bot-tom (12,96 G/l). The most stable percentage was lymphocytes, which accounted for 59,55 to 78,26% of the total number. In contrast, neutrophilic granulocytes had a signifi-cant tendency to decrease (from 31,70% to 14,53%). Anyway thus, there was a gradual percentage decrease in monocytes (from 9,17% to 7,51%). Platelet counts fluctuated slightly, but the average proportion ranged between 631,83-652,21 G/l.
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Kryptosporidie a kryptosporidióza chovaných a zdivočelých nutrií
LIMPOUCHOVÁ, Zlata
Cryptosporidium spp., common parasite of vertebrates, remain poorly studied in wildlife. This study describes the novel Cryptosporidium species adapted to nutria (Myocastor coypus). A total of 247 faecal samples of feral and farmed nutrias were collected from locations in the Czech Republic and Slovakia and examined for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and specific DNA at the SSU, actin, HSP70, and gp60 loci.
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Seroprevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in the human population
KUTSYNA, Valeriy
In 2018 - 2020, 1366 samples of serum from immunocompetent patients, including 860 sera from the Czech Republic and 506 sera from Ukraine, were collected and examined by an indirect ELISA test to detect specific IgG antibodies against Cryptosporidium in human population. Age, sex, and relevant data on previous cryptosporidial infections were obtained from each patient. Oocysts of C. parvum, 105 oocysts per well, were used as a corpuscular antigen. Blood serum samples and secondary antibodies were diluted 1:200 and 1: 20,000, respectively. The age range of patients varied from newborn infant to 89 years old. A total of 639 male and 709 female patients were examined. The resutts showed number of serologically positive patients increased with age. Moreover, females had higher seropositivity than males, regardless of nationality. Additionally, Czechs were more often positive than Ukrainians. The results showed less than 20 % of patients under 15 years of age were seropositive. In patients older than 15 years the seroprevalence ranged from 20 to 42 %, except the age group 41 - 50 years old, where seroprevalence was 50 %.
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Diverzita kryptosporidií u pěvců
LIMPOUCHOVÁ, Zlata
This study was aimed on research of biology and diversity of Cryptosporidium in perching birds (Passeriformes). Presence of Cryptosporidium oocyst and specific DNA in faecal samples was detected by microscopy and molecular methods using nested PCR. Biological properties and intensity of infection of Cryptosporidium were examined and described in both experimentally and naturally infected animals.
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Střevní paraziti savců introdukovaných na Svalbard
BROŽ, Marek
The aim of this thesis was the research of parasites of mammals introduced to Svalbard: sibling voles, horses and dogs. Faeces of this three species were used for examination of intestinal parasites. Samples were collected in central part of Svalbard and examined in Czech Republic by microscopic and molecular methods for detection of protists and helminths.
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Diverzita kryptosporidií volně žijících psovitých a medvědovitých šelem
KELLNEROVÁ, Klára
The study was focused on study of diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in wild canines and bears in the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Poland and Romania. A total of 359 faecal samples were collected from 179 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 83 grey wolves (Canis lupis), 63 brown bears (Ursus arctos) and 34 jackals (Canis aureus). Faecal samples were screened for Cryptosporidium by microscopy and PCR/sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis of small-subunit rRNA, actin and 60-kDa glycoprotein sequences revealed the presence of C. tyzzeri, C. andersoni in red foxes, C. canis and C. ubiquitum in gray wolves and C. galli in a brown bear and a red fox. Subtyping of C. ubiquitum and C. tyzzeri isolate by sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene showed that isolates belonged to the XIId and IXa subtype family, respectively. Detection of host-non-specific cryptosporidia, except C. canic and C. ubiquitum, in wild canine and bears shows rather a food preference of screened carnivors than on an active infection.
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